Title:Simulation of the flyby anomaly by means of an empirical asymmetric gravitational field with definite spatial orientation

Abstract: All anomalous velocity increases until now observed during the Earth flybys of the spacecrafts Galileo, NEAR, Rosetta, Cassini and Messenger have been correctly calculated by computer simulation using an asymmetric field term in addition to the Newtonian gravitational field. The specific characteristic of this term is the lack of coupling to the rotation of the Earth or to the direction of other gravitational sources such as the Sun or Moon. Instead, the asymmetry is oriented in the direction of the Earth's motion within an assumed unique reference frame. With this assumption, the simulation results of the Earth flybys Galileo1, NEAR, Rosetta1 and Cassini hit the observed nominal values, while for the flybys Galileo2 and Messenger, which for different reasons are measured with uncertain anomaly values, the simulated anomalies are within plausible ranges. Furthermore, the shape of the simulated anomaly curve is in qualitative agreement with the measured Doppler residuals immediately following the perigee of the first Earth flyby of Galileo. Based on the simulation, an estimation is made for possible anomalies of the recently carried out flybys of Rosetta at Mars on 25.02.07 and at the Earth on 13.11.07, and for the forthcoming Earth flyby on 13.11.09. It is discussed, why a so modelled gravitational field has not been discovered until now by analysis of the orbits of Earth satellites, and what consequences are to be considered with respect to General Relativity.